Chang'e 4 is part of the second phase of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program, consisting of a robotic lander and a lunar rover that is planned to land on the lunar farside. It was built as a backup to Chang'e 3. Because of its farside landing location, it requires a relay satellite, named Queqiao. Chang'e- 4 lander and its rover Yutu-2 touched down in Von Kármán crater, within the northern part of the south pole-Aitken basin. Artemis is NASA‘s new lunar exploration program, which includes sending the first woman and the next man on the Moon. Through the Artemis program, NASA will use new technology to study the Moon in new and better ways and prepare for human missions to Mars.

केन्द्रीय मानव संसाधन विकास मंत्रालय के अधीनस्थ उच्चतर शिक्षा विभाग ने पिछले दिनों पाँच वर्षों की एक विज़न योजना तैयार कर ली है और उसे निर्गत भी कर दिया है. इस योजना का शीर्षक है – Education Quality Upgradation and Inclusion Programme (EQUIP) अर्थात् शैक्षणिक गुणवत्ता उत्क्रमण एवं समावेशन कार्यक्रम. मुख्य तथ्य EQUIP का पूरा नाम है – Education Quality Upgradation and Inclusion Programme. इस कार्यक्रम की रूपरेखा सरकार के विशेषज्ञों की अध्यक्षता में गठित दस समितियों ने तैयार की है. लक्ष्य : EQUIP का लक्ष्य नीति और क्रियानव्यन के बीच के अंतराल को पाटना है. इसके माध्यम से आने वाले पाँच वर्षों में उच्चतर शिक्षा प्रणाली में बदलाव लाना है. उद्देश्य इस परियोजना में उच्चतर शिक्षा की उपलभ्यता पर बल देना, विशेषकर वंचित समुदायों के लिए. नामांकन की संख्या में सुधार लाना. शिक्षण और सीखने की प्रक्रियाओं में सुधार लाना. शैक्षणिक अवसरंचना का निर्माण करना. शोध एवं नवाचार की गुणवत्ता बढ़ाना. शिक्षण में तकनीक और ऑनलाइन साधनों का प्रयोग करना. अभिप्रमाणन प्रणालियों, प्राशासनिक ढाँचों और वित्त पोषण पर काम करना.

What makes Fani unique? Place of origin: The in situ cyclonic systems in the Bay of Bengal usually originate around latitude 10°, in line with Chennai or Thiruvananthapuram. Fani, on the other hand, originated quite close to the Equator, around latitude 2°, well below the SriLankan landmass. Hence statement 1 is correct. Lifespan: Tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal have a lifespan of four-seven days, whereas Fani travelled long which allowed it to gather a lot of moisture and momentum, resulting in strong winds. Cyclone Fani started developing around April 25 and has made a landfall in Odisha on the east coast. Most cyclones that generate exclusively in the Bay of Bengal become relatively weaker by the time they reach the Indian landmass. However, the case with Cyclone Fani is different since it developed almost close to the Equator. Traversing for nearly 10 days over the sea allowed Fani to gather such strength that it is now classified as an extremely severe cyclone. Hence statement 2 is not correct. Timing: It started developing in April, a month that has historically seen very few cyclones that were categorised as extremely severe. According to the IMD, in the past 126 years (1891-2017) only 14 severe tropical cyclones have formed in April over the Bay of Bengal. Out of those, only one storm crossed the Indian mainland. Cyclone Fani will be the second storm to form in April and cross the mainland. Hence statement 3 is correct.

Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure. It occurs naturally in this form and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Under high pressures and temperatures, it converts to diamond. The only non-metal element that is a good conductor of electricity, graphite is known as a dry lubricant for its greasy feel. Dry lubricants or solid lubricants are materials that, despite being in the solid phase, are able to reduce friction between two surfaces sliding against each other without the need for a liquid oil medium. Graphite has many industrial uses, particularly for products that need very high heat. Statement 2 is not correct: India is the world‘s fourth-largest producer of the metal. Its total output last year came to 35,000 MT in 2018. In 2018, China was the largest graphite-mining nation by a wide margin, followed by Brazil and Canada. Statement 1 is correct: Recently, The Geological Survey of India, GSI, has revealed that 35 per cent the country's Graphite deposits of the country is found in Arunachal Pradesh. This is the highest found in country. Currently, India is importing graphite from countries like China, Japan, Germany etc.Other major hubs of graphite: Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu and Odisha.

उपराष्ट्रपति वैंकैया नायडू ने हाल ही में ओंगोल गोवंश प्रजाति के संरक्षण का आह्वान किया है. विदित हो कि यह प्रजाति आंध्र प्रदेश के प्रकाशम जिले में पाई जाती है और इसका नाम उस जगह पर रखा गया है जहाँ इसकी उत्पत्ति हुई है. यह एक भारी-भरकम पशु है जिसे खुरहा, मुंह का रोग और मैड काऊ डिजीज नहीं होता है. तगड़ेपन और जुझारूपन के कारण इस प्रजाति के सांड का प्रयोग मैक्सिको और पूर्व अफ्रीका में सांडों की लड़ाई में होता है. आंध्र प्रदेश और तमिलनाडु में जो पारम्परिक सांडों की लड़ाई होती है उसमें इन्हीं सांडों का प्रयोग होता है.

After the independence of India in 1947, the Princely State of Manipur was merged with the Indian Union on October 15, 1949. It was placed under Part-C of the fourfold classification of the states. By the States Reorganisation Act (1956) and the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act(1956) (following which the distinction between Part-A and Part-B states was done away with and Part-C states were abolished), Manipur was made a Union Territory. It became a full-fledged state in 1972. Hence option 1 is correct. The Chief Commissioner‘s province of Himachal Pradesh came into being on 15th April 1948. Himachal Pradesh became a part C state on 26th January 1950 with the implementation of the Constitution of India. Himachal Pradesh became Union Territory on 1st November 1956. Kangra and most of the other hill areas of Punjab were merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1st November 1966 though its status remained that of a Union Territory. On 18th December 1970, the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by the Parliament and the new state came into being on 25th January 1971. Thus it emerged as the eighteenth state of Indian Union. Hence option 3 is correct. Till 1947, Sikkim was an Indian princely state ruled by Chogyal. In1947, after the lapse of British paramountcy, Sikkim became a ̳protectorate‘ of India, whereby the Indian Government assumed responsibility for the defence, external affairs and communications of Sikkim. After Sikkim desired for a greater association with India, it was accorded the special status of an 'associate state' of the Indian Union under the 35th Amendment of the Indian Constitution (1974). In a referendum held in 1975, they voted for the abolition of the institution of Chogyal and Sikkim becoming an integral part of India. Consequently, the 36th Constitutional Amendment Act (1975) was enacted to make Sikkim a full-fledged state of the Indian Union (the 22nd state). It was never a Union Territory before attaining statehood. Hence option 2 is not correct.

Abhyas is a drone designed for an autonomous flight with the help of an autopilot. The configuration of ABHYAS is designed on an in-line small gas turbine engine and uses indigenously developed MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems)-based navigation system for its navigation and guidance.